Mohammad Talha Sajid: Nissan Pulsar

The Nissan Pulsar is a compact car that was produced by the Japanese automaker Nissan from 1978 until 2000, when it was replaced by the Nissan Bluebird Sylphy in the Japanese market. Between 2000 and 2005, and then since 2012, the name "Pulsar" has appeared in Australia and select Asian countries on rebadged versions of the Sylphy and similar Tiida model.

The original Pulsar was a hatchback to be sold exclusively at a different Nissan Japan dealership network called Nissan Cherry Store as a larger five-door hatchback alternative to the Nissan Cherry. Although Pulsar models were front-wheel drive from introduction, Nissan did offer four-wheel drive as an option on select models internationally.

The Pulsar sold in Japan served as the largest model offered at Nissan dealerships Nissan Cherry Store, while different versions of the Pulsar sold at other networks served as the base model, with other larger products. Various Pulsar-based models were exported as international market conditions dictated, sometimes labeled as "Sunny", "Cherry" or "Sentra", while the internationally labeled product was actually a Pulsar and not a Japanese market Sunny or Cherry.

A pulsar (portmanteau of pulsating star) is a highly magnetized, rotating neutron star, as the Nissan Pulsar was built from the Sunny sedan.

Nissan Pulsar
Nissan Pulsar (N15)
Overview
Manufacturer	Nissan
Production	1978–2000
Body and chassis
Class	Compact
Chronology
Successor	Nissan Bluebird Sylphy

irst generation (N10: 1978–1982)[edit]

N10

Overview
Also called	Datsun 100A/120A/130A/140A/150A Datsun 310 (US) Datsun Cherry (Europe) Datsun Pulsar (Malaysia, South Africa)
Production	1978–1982
Assembly	Japan
Body and chassis
Body style	2-door fastback 2-door van 3-door hatchback 4-door van 4-door sedan 4-door fastback 5-door hatchback 5-door station wagon
Layout	Transverse front-engine, front-wheel drive
Powertrain
Engine	1.0 L A10/E10 I4 1.2 L A12 I4 1.3 L E13 I4 1.4 L A14 I4 1.5 L E15 I4
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,395 mm (94 in)
Length	3,940 mm (155 in)
Width	1,620 mm (64 in)
Height	1,360 mm (54 in)
Curb weight	840 kg (1,852 lb)

The N10 model Pulsar, introduced in late 1977 for the 1978 model year, was available as a coupe in Japan but was called Cherry in Europe and many other export markets. The Pulsar was a subcompact car to augment the Sunny sedan. An unusual styling feature for the car was its long nose—which was due to Nissan envisaging that the car would also be built a with longitudinal rear-wheel-drive layout for developing markets; however, only front-wheel-drive models were actually built.

The N10 series Pulsar was exported to Australia, South Africa (locally assembled) and Malaysia with the "Datsun Pulsar" name. This model was known as the "Datsun Cherry" or "Datsun 100A/120A/130A/140A/150A" in Europe and Asia and the Datsun 310 in the U.S.. In Canada, the Datsun 310 was available with "Pulsar" striping on the rear quarters. The Pulsar was a companion platform to the Nissan Sunny, being an alternative to the Toyota Sprinter. Both the Sunny and the Pulsar were sold at different Nissan Japan dealerships, called Nissan Satio Shop for the Sunny, and Nissan Cherry Shop for the Pulsar.

1981–1982 Datsun Cherry coupé (Europe)

Datsun Cherry estate

Another Sunny derivative was introduced to Japan, called the Nissan Langley, from 1980, and was introduced as a "mini Skyline", and exclusive to Nissan Prince Shop. The Japanese-market Langley assumed duties of the first generation, Sunny-based coupe called the Nissan Silvia when the second generation Silvia was upgraded to the larger Nissan Violet platform; both the Silvia and the Langley remained exclusive to Nissan Prince Store locations. According to the corresponding Nissan Langley article in Japanese Wikipedia, the Langley was given its name from Samuel Pierpont Langley the inventor of the bolometer, a device used to measure electromagnetic radiation from the Sun, and was well regarded for his work in solar physics. Because of its sporting intensions, the Langley was equipped with an independent suspension at all four wheels, using MacPherson struts in the front, and a trailing arm coil suspension for the rear. The engine choices consisted of the A14 and E15 series engines with multi-point fuel injection on top level trim packages, but only in a three-door hatchback.

The Pulsar was available as a three- or five-door hatchback, four-door sedan, a two- or four-door van or station wagon, a two-door fastback with a wraparound rear window, and a short-lived four-door fastback.

A mid-term facelift brought the new E-series engines in for 1981 and 1982. In Malaysia, Malay 1970's artist, Mazuin Hamzah was an ambassador for the Datsun Pulsar E-Type 1300 N10 that was marketed in Malaysia during 1982.

The updated 1982 model with E-series engine was assembled in New Zealand. Only one well-equipped model existed, with a five-speed manual gearbox.

The Nissan Pulsar N-range skipped N11 as that code was used by a mini digger-excavator since 1970's. Therefore, the second generation Pulsar became the N12 instead.^{[citation needed]}

The N10 Cherry was available in a wide variety of bodystyles, which consisted of three and five-door hatchbacks, two and four-door fastback sedans (which utilized the same body profile as the hatchback models), a hatchback coupé introduced at the end of 1978, a three-door van and five-door wagon variant. The wagons first appeared in early 1979.^[1] Most markets outside Japan did not receive all versions: for instance, the three- and five-door hatchbacks and the coupé were the only models to be offered in the US. An interesting anomaly of the French automotive taxation system is that while the A12A-engined Cherry sedans were considered as "6CVs", the coupés with the same engine were markedly cheaper to own as they were classified as "5CVs".^[1]

Later in the car's production life, in 1981, the entire range was upgraded to Nissan's newly developed OHC E-series motors. At the same time, the car also received a facelift involving a new grille and rectangular headlamps.

In 1982 "Nissan" badges began to appear on the cars, due to Nissan phasing out the Datsun name at that time for its international markets. Production of the N10 series ceased in mid-1982, to be replaced by the all-new N12 Cherry/Pulsar.

Second generation (N12: 1982–1986)[edit]

N12
Nissan Cherry 3-door (Europe)
Overview
Also called	Nissan Cherry (Europe) Nissan Langley Nissan Liberta Villa Alfa Romeo Arna (Europe) Holden Astra
Production	1982–1986 1983–1987 (Australia)
Assembly	Japan Australia: Clayton South, Victoria
Body and chassis
Body style	2-door coupé 3-door hatchback 4-door sedan 5-door hatchback
Layout	Transverse front-engine, front-wheel drive
Powertrain
Engine	988 cc E10 I4 1,270 cc E13 I4 1,488 cc E15 I4 1,488 cc E15ET turbo I4 1,597 cc E16 I4 1,680 cc CD17 diesel I4
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,415 mm (95 in)
Length	3,960 mm (156 in)
Width	1,620 mm (64 in)
Height	1,390 mm (55 in)
Curb weight	820 kg (1,808 lb)

A more angular version was announced in April 1982, making its European debut in October. By this time, Nissan had more or less standardised its naming policy worldwide, so as a Nissan it tended, excepting European markets, to be known as a Pulsar. In Europe it retained the "Cherry" moniker, and in Malaysia and South Africa it was sold as the Nissan Langley. This generation Pulsar sedan or hatchback, and subsequent generations, were not sold in North America. The Pulsar name was used only on the NX coupe for two generations (N12 and N13).

1986 Nissan Liberta Villa SSS sedan (Japan)

1983–1984 Nissan Pulsar GL sedan (Australia)

Holden Astra 5-door (Australia)

Other names used included two related models in the Japanese home market. The "Nissan Langley", in its second generation, was a Pulsar sold atNissan Prince Store locations next to the Skyline, and shared many styling influences from the Skyline. The Japanese market Langley added a five-door hatchback bodystyle to the popular three-door hatchback.

The market acceptance of the Langley inspired Nissan to sell the a badge engineered version at Nissan Bluebird Shop as the "Nissan Liberta Villa",^[2]replacing the Nissan Stanza clone, called the Nissan Liberta. The Liberta Villa was only available as a sedan, offered as a smaller companion to theNissan Leopard (a Skyline clone). The top trim package was the SSS turbo with the E15ET engine, and the top two trim packages offered multi-port fuel injection with the base model offering a carburetor. A diesel engine was also offered on the Liberta Villa, using theCD17 engine.

The Australian market Pulsar N12 series arrived in October 1982.^[3]Offered as a five-door hatchback, 1.3-liter TC and 1.5-liter TS specifications featured. These early cars were manufactured in Japan.^[4] May 1983 saw the debut of an update to the Australian range.^[3] Now produced locally, the update heralded minor trim changes, suspension and steering revisions and new seats. Specification levels were overhauled with the Pulsar E opening up the range with its 1.3-liter engine, followed by the 1-5-liter GL and GX. Then in September 1983, Nissan Australia released the two-door Pulsar EXA coupe with the 1.5-liter turbocharged engine. The following month, the sedan body was introduced in GL and GX guises (1.5-liter). A Pulsar ET five-door arrived in April 1984, sharing its engine and trim with the EXA.^[5] The next update came in August 1984^[3] alongside a badge engineered twin, the Holden Astra (LB)—a scheme devised under the Button car plan.^[6] To differentiate the Pulsar, Nissan Australia applied the upmarket Japanese market Langley body details for its facelift.^[6] The headlamps were now fitted as quad units and narrower horizontal tail lamps distinguished the rear styling. Other changes included an increase in specification, minor suspension calibrations, and refreshed interior trims. Sedan versions had their facelift delayed until November that year, and the ET hatchback lingered on with the older styling until the demise of the N12 in 1987.^[7] The final N12 update arrived in April 1986 prior to the 1987 N13 introduction.^[3] The revisions brought further trim changes, tweaks to the five-speed manual transmission, new colours, a new entry-level DX model, a change from GX to GXE, and the introduction of a larger displacement 1.6-liter engine tuned for unleaded petrol replacing the 1.3- and 1.5-liter leaded units used previously. The ET model also saw its 1.5-liter turbocharged engine updated for unleaded fuel.^[8]^[6]

The European market Cherrys were available with engines ranging from a 1 liter, 50 PS (37 kW) petrol unit to the 114 PS (84 kW) turbocharged 1.5 (E15ET) and also included the diesel CD17.^[9] The Pulsar/Cherry underwent a light facelift in July 1984.^[10] This model was also built in Italy by Alfa Romeo as the Arna (named after the joint venture which created it, Alfa Romeo Nissan Autoveicoli), using Alfa Romeo boxer engines. Confusingly, the Italian models were also sold with Nissan badges, in Japan as the "Nissan Pulsar Milano X1" and in Europe as the "Nissan Cherry Europe". At Alfa Romeo, the Arna was meant to replace lesser versions of the popularAlfasud, but never had the Italian car's appeal. The Cherry Europe also failed in its "home" market (Europe)—lacking the build quality and reliability of its Japanese built twin car, yet at the same time managing to inherit the typical 1980s Alfa vulnerability to body corrosion.

The Pulsar EXA was known in North America as the Pulsar NX and shared many of its parts with the Nissan Sentra. This version of the Pulsar NX was available from 1983 to 1986 and came with either the fuel injected turbocharged E15ET engine or the carburetted naturally aspirated E16S engine. The three-door and five-door hatchback versions of the Pulsar were also made available, replacing the old Datsun 310 hatchbacks, but they proved to be unpopular and they were withdrawn from Nissan's North American lineup after only one year. The Langley was built in Australia as the Nissan Pulsar, while the more standard Pulsar appeared there as the Holden Astra. The five-door hatchback remained in Australia until 1987, where it was known as the Pulsar ET Turbo and featured the E15ET engine.

Pulsar EXA convertible was a limited edition model was designed to commemorate the 15th anniversary of the Nissan Cherry Japanese dealership chain. It was launched in May 1985, and just 100 vehicles were made available for the whole of Japan. The vehicle sports numerous special accessories, including a soft top made from a special insulating material to keep out the rain and heat, and a rear window made from organic glass to ensure high visibility.

1984–1986 Nissan Pulsar GX 5-door (Australia)

1984–1986 Nissan Pulsar GL 5-door (Australia)

1984–1986 Nissan Pulsar GX sedan (Australia)

Nissan Pulsar NX (US)

Nissan Pulsar EXA convertible

Third generation (N13: 1986–1990)[edit]

N13
Facelift Nissan Sunny sedan (Europe)
Overview
Also called	Nissan Cherry (Greece) Nissan Langley Nissan Liberta Villa Nissan Sentra (Malaysia, New Zealand) Nissan Sunny (Europe)
Production	1986–1990 1987–1991 (Australia)
Assembly	Japan Australia: Clayton South, Victoria
Body and chassis
Body style	3-door hatchback 4-door sedan 5-door hatchback
Layout	Transverse front-engine, front-wheel drive Transverse front-engine, all-wheel drive
Powertrain
Engine	988 cc E10 I4^[11] 1,270 cc E13 I4 1,392 cc GA14S/DS I4 1,487 cc E15 I4 1,497 cc GA15 I4 1,597 cc E16 I4 1,597 cc GA16 I4 1,598 cc 16LF (GM) I4 1,598 cc CA16DE DOHC I4 1,796 cc 18LE (GM) I4 1,809 cc CA18DE DOHC I4 1,680 cc CD17 diesel I4
Transmission	5-speed manual 3-speed automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,431 mm (95.7 in)
Length	4,229 mm (166.5 in)
Width	1,679 mm (66.1 in)
Height	1,295 mm (51.0 in)

In 1986, Nissan's design chief refused to follow the smoother, aerodynamic look of other cars, and told his design team to come up with an affordable, subcompact car. A squarer Pulsar N13 series was released as a result; innovations included a four-wheel drive model. In 1986, the Pulsar won the Car of the Year Japan award.

The N13 series EXA was spun off as its own model, but which was sold again as the Pulsar NX in the United States. It was designated as the N13 series, despite actually being based on the North American Nissan Sentra (B12) chassis.

Asia

The Pulsar was sold in Japan as a three- and five-door hatchback, plus a four-door sedan. The Langley and the Liberta Villa (both sold as sedans and three-door hatchbacks)^[12] also continued sales in Japan as upmarket versions of the Pulsar with a more powerful DOHC 1.8-liter motor. Both the Langley and Liberta Villa had slightly different bodywork to the Japanese-specification Pulsar—although most parts were interchangeable. Langley and Liberta Villa three-doors sported completely redesigned rear-ends, which were slightly longer and tapered off in anotchback-like manner and were much sportier in appearance with their more steeply raked rear windows. The sedans featured reshaped upper doors (windows), rear windshields, rear quarter panels, and are noted for the repositioning of the license plate to the rear bumper from the boot lid. The Langley and Liberta Villa were themselves differentiated by their own frontal styling. Compared to the Pulsar, the Langely had narrower trapezoidal-shaped headlamps and a unique grille—whereas the Liberta Villa had narrow rectangular-shaped lights and again its own grille design. The N13 Langley and Liberta Villa featured other options such as a limited-slip differential, luxurious interior and the much sought-after black headlights on the Langley, centre grille and round Skyline-style taillights, with the equipment shared in the Liberta Villa. The Japanese-market Langley five-door hatchback was dropped with the N13.

In Malaysia, the N13 Pulsar was sold as the Nissan Sentra, which introduced in 1987 to replace low sales B12 Sentra.

Nissan Liberta Villa 3-door (Japan)

Nissan Langley sedan (Japan)

Africa

In South Africa, the Pulsar was sold as the "Nissan Sabre". There were three- and five-door hatchbacks and a four-door sedan.

Australasia

The Pulsar–Astra relationship continued in Australia, with the series there continuing to use the more upmarket Langley sedan as a the donor vehicle. The sedan version was called the Pulsar Vector. The five-door hatchback was also offered, but this model differed from the Japanese Pulsar with reshaped upper doors (windows) and rear rear quarter panels. The development of the model was a collaboration with Holden, using the Opel Family II engine. Nissan introduced a facelift in 1989. After Holden ended their cooperation with Nissan in 1989 (and took up with Toyota instead), sales of the Holden Astra came to an end. Nissan Australia, however, kept using the GM engines until the succeeding N14 version was introduced.

four-cylinder engines offered in the Australian built version were:

1.6 L Opel Family II 16LF, 1,598 cc, single point TBI, SOHC, 56 kW (75 hp) at 5,600 rpm, 125 N·m (92 lb·ft) at 3,600 rpm
1.8 L Opel Family II 18LE, 1,796 cc, multi point EFI, SOHC, 79 kW (106 hp) at 5,600 rpm, 151 N·m (111 lb·ft) at 3,600 rpm
1.8 L Opel Family II 18LE, 1,796 cc, multi point EFI, SOHC, 84 kW (113 hp) at 5,600 rpm, 162 N·m (119 lb·ft) at 3,600 rpm (SVD)

In New Zealand, the Sunny and Pulsar were combined into a single model, the Nissan Sentra—which were produced in Japan and based off the Japanese market Pulsar. Versions in New Zealand were available in four body shapes; three-door hatchback (SG, SR), five-door hatchback (SGS, ZXE), four-door sedan (SG, SGS, ZXE), and a five-door "Sportwagon" (SG, SGS).

Six engines were offered over this generation:

1.3 – SG – 1985–1989 – E13
1.4 – SG/SGS – 1989–1991 – GA14S (59 kW (79 hp) at 6,200 rpm, 111Nm (82 lb-ft) at 4,000 rpm)
1.6 – ZXE – 1985–1989 – E16
1.6 – ZXE – 1989–1991 – GA16S (69 kW (92 hp) at 6,000 rpm, 133Nm (98 lb-ft) at 3,200 rpm)
1.6 – SR Twin Cam – CA16DE
1.8 – GTI – CA18DE

1987–1989 Nissan Pulsar Vector GXE sedan (Australia)

1989–1991 Nissan Pulsar Ti sedan (Australia)

1987–1989 Nissan Pulsar GL 5-door (Australia)

1989–1991 Nissan Pulsar Q 5-door (Australia)

1989–1991 Nissan Pulsar Vector GL sedan (Australia)

Europe

In Europe, the N13 Pulsar was usually sold as the Nissan Sunny, unrelated, however, to the Sunny sold in elsewhere. In some markets (such as Greece), the N13 Pulsar retained the Cherry nameplate.^[11]

Pre-facelift Nissan Sunny 3-door (Europe)

Facelift Nissan Sunny 5-door (Europe)

Facelift Nissan Sunny sedan (Europe)

Fourth generation (N14: 1990–1995)[edit]

N14

Overview
Also called	Nissan Sentra (New Zealand) Nissan Sabre (South Africa) Nissan Sunny (Europe) Arex Pulsar (Taiwan)
Production	1990–1995 1991–1992 (Australia)
Assembly	Japan Australia: Clayton South, Victoria Greece: Volos Taiwan: Miáolì Xiàn
Designer	Yoshio Maezawa^[13]
Body and chassis
Body style	3/5-door hatchback 4-door sedan
Layout	Transverse front-engine, front-wheel drive Transverse front-engine, all-wheel drive
Related	Nissan Wingroad Nissan Advan Infiniti G20 Nissan Primera
Powertrain
Engine	1.3 L GA13DS I4 1.4 L GA14DS/DE I4 1.5 L GA15DS I4 1.6 L GA16DS/DE/DNE I4 1.8 L SR18DE I4 2.0 L SR20DE I4 2.0 L SR20DET turbo I4 1.7 L CD17 diesel I4
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,430 mm (96 in)
Length	3,975 mm (156 in)
Width	1,690 mm (67 in)
Height	1,400 mm (55 in)
Curb weight	930 kg (2,050 lb) 1,220 kg (2,690 lb) (GTI-R)

In 1990, the N14 model saw Nissan turn to a more rounded design. The Langley and the Liberta Villa were replaced with the Nissan Primera, assigning the Primera to Nissan Prince Shop locations.

This version continued to be offered in New Zealand as the Sentra (unrelated to the version sold in North America). In Europe, the Sunny name continued, applied to three-door hatchback, five-door hatchback and four-door sedan models, alongside the separate model line Sunny California station wagon from Japan (called either the Sunny Estate or Sunny Traveller).

There was no N14 Pulsar offered in the United States or Canada either; instead, the North American Pulsar for those markets evolved into what was known as the NX1600. The NX cars are sport coupés sharing the same chassis, engines, body electronics and even dashboard with the Pulsar N14.

The Taiwanese Pulsar was manufactured by Nissan's Yulon subsidiary under their AREX brand – where it used the same engines as the Japanese version.

Sunny five-door (Europe)

Sunny three-door (Europe)

Sunny sedan (Europe)

1991–1993 Pulsar SSS 5-door (Australia)

Marketing[edit]

Japan

In Japan, the N14 range was large, comprising eight different models with a total of eighteen available variations, including six different engines, three body shapes, and two drivetrains.

GA13DS 1,295 cc (1.3 L; 79.0 cu in), 79 PS (58 kW; 78 hp) at 6,000 rpm, 10.6 kg·m (104 N·m; 77 lb·ft) at 3,600 rpm
GA15DS 1,497 cc (1.5 L; 91.4 cu in), 94 PS (69 kW; 93 hp) at 6,000 rpm, 12.8 kg·m (126 N·m; 93 lb·ft) at 3,600 rpm
GA16DE 1,596 cc (1.6 L; 97.4 cu in), 110 PS (81 kW; 108 hp) at 6,000 rpm, 15 kg·m (150 N·m; 110 lb·ft) at 4,000 rpm
SR18DE 1,838 cc (1.8 L; 112.2 cu in), 140 PS (103 kW; 138 hp) at 6,400 rpm, 17 kg·m (170 N·m; 120 lb·ft) at 4,800 rpm
SR20DET 1,998 cc (2.0 L; 121.9 cu in), 230 PS (169 kW; 227 hp) at 6,400 rpm, 29 kg·m (280 N·m; 210 lb·ft) at 4,800 rpm
CD17 1,680 cc (1.7 L; 102.5 cu in), 55 PS (40 kW; 54 hp) at 4,800 rpm, 10.6 kg·m (104 N·m; 77 lb·ft) at 2,800 rpm

Model	Engine	Drivetrains	Bodies
V1	GA13DS	FWD	3 or 4 door
M1	GA15DS or CD17	FWD or 4WD	3 or 4 door
K1	GA15DS or CD17	FWD or 4WD	4 or 5 door
J1J	GA15DS	FWD	4 door
X1	GA15DS	FWD or 4WD	3 door
X1R	GA16DE	FWD	3, 4 or 5 door
GTI	SR18DE	FWD	3, 4 or 5 door
GTI-R	SR20DET	4WD	3 door

Australia

1993–1995 Pulsar Ti 5-door (Australia)

In Australia, the N14 (aka ES) was available in four models, all front-wheel drive only, in either four-door sedan or five-door hatchback variations. Nissan Australia assembled the range that sold from October 1991 through to February 1993 at their factory in Clayton South, Victoria. After Nissan closed the plant in October 1992 for financial reasons, the models (known as the "Series 2") were imported from Japan and sold until September 1995. Unlike the N13 Pulsar/Astra, Holden in Australia did not use a variant of this Pulsar, instead choosing to use a rebadged variant of the rival Toyota Corolla, which they sold as the Holden Nova until the late 1990s when they reintroduced the Astra name for their variant of the Opel Astra. The Pulsar N14 was awarded Australian Wheels magazine's Car of the Year in 1991, an honour it shared with the Honda NSX.

GA16DE 1,596 cc (1.6 L; 97.4 cu in), 110 PS (81 kW; 108 hp) at 6,000 rpm, 15 kg·m (150 N·m; 110 lb·ft) at 4,000 rpm
SR20DE 1,998 cc (2.0 L; 121.9 cu in), 143 PS (105 kW; 141 hp) at 6,400 rpm, 18 kg·m (180 N·m; 130 lb·ft) at 4,800 rpm

Model	Bodies	Engine
GLi	4 or 5 door	GA16DE
Q	5 door	GA16DE or SR20DE (option)
TI	4 or 5 door	GA16DE or SR20DE(option)
SSS	5 door	SR20DE

South Africa

Facelift Nissan Sabre 200 GXi (South Africa)

In South Africa the N14 (aka ES) was built locally by Nissan South Africa. It was only available with FWD as a four-door sedan (badged Sentra) and five-door hatchback (badged Sabre). Originally released in 1994, and given a cosmetic facelift in 1997 rather than being replaced with the N15, it was produced until 2000 and also exported to Namibia.

160 GX — GA16DS — 1,596 cc (1.6 L; 97.4 cu in), 99 PS (73 kW; 98 hp) at 6000 rpm, 15 kg·m (150 N·m; 110 lb·ft) at 4000 rpm
160 GXi — GA16DNE — 1,596 cc (1.6 L; 97.4 cu in), 110 PS (81 kW; 108 hp) at 6000 rpm, 15 kg·m (150 N·m; 110 lb·ft) at 4000 rpm
200 GXi — SR20DE — 1,998 cc (2.0 L; 121.9 cu in), 143 PS (105 kW; 141 hp) at 6400 rpm, 18 kg·m (180 N·m; 130 lb·ft) at 4800 rpm

GTI-R[edit]

Nissan Pulsar GTI-R (Japan)

The N14 series also saw the introduction of the Nissan Pulsar GTI-R three-door hatchback (chassis code E-RNN14 in Japan, and badged as Sunny GTI-R in Europe with chassis code EGNN14). This was a homologation variant produced between 1990 and 1994 in order to enter the WRC under Group A rules at that time. It featured the turbocharged 2.0-litre SR20DET engine producing 169 kilowatts (227 hp) and 29 kg·m (280 N·m; 210 lb·ft). The body is largely the same as the standard N14 three-door model, but distinguished by the large rear wing and bonnet scoop. It has an ATTESA all-wheel drive system and a unique variant (coded 54C) of the SR20DET engine (not used on any other car). With a power-to-weight ratio of 0.083 and AWD, the standard GTI-R is able to accelerate from 0–100 kph in the 5 second bracket, and cover the standing quarter mile in the 13 second bracket (Nissan never quoted the official figures but Best Motoring magazine conducted several tests with standard cars during production). Top speed is officially stated as 232 km/h (144 mph).

There were two distinct models of the Pulsar GTI-R sold to the general public, identifiable by the model number found on the VIN plate located on the firewall in the engine bay. There are no external visual differences.

RA models: GTI-RA (aka RA / Alpha / Road / Luxury), model number EBYNRVFN14xxxx. This was the normal road car, which came standard with air conditioning, power windows and mirrors, and ABS. Roughly half way through the production (August 1992), Nissan made a range of cosmetic changes to the interior of the RA model (mostly replacing trim that was unique to the GTI-R with trim that was common to other models in the N14 range). Although not advertised or branded as such, they were extensive enough (around 10 items) to be noticeable as a different phase or series, and are defined by chassis numbers RNN14-100000 and above. They were priced at ¥2,270,000.

Nissan Pulsar GTI-R (Japan)

RB models: GTI-RB (aka RB / Beta / Rally / Homologation), model number EBYNRRFN14xxxx. The homologated model was stripped-down as a base for motorsport use (Group N rallying in particular). It had the luxury trimmings such as air conditioning, power windows, and ABS removed as standard, and the simple interior trim from the base model Pulsar which reduced the curb weight by 30 kg (66 lb) to 1,190 kg (2,624 lb). Some of the luxury items were available as an option. The engine remained the same as the RA model, but there were a few mechanical changes such as a close-ratio gearbox and a front limited slip differential instead of the open differential from the RA model.

Other versions:

Nismo: Nismo offered a "complete car" version based on the RB model featuring many of the Nismo rally options (such as suspension, limited slip differentials, seats, roll cage and foot rests). A confirmed total of 21 were produced, all of which are individually numbered on a special Nismo VIN plate on the firewall. Some were used by Nissan and Nismo as promotional vehicles, the rest were ordered by private buyers. They were priced at ¥3,140,000.

Group A: these rally models were not sold to the general public. They were specifically built and used for the WRC by the defunct NME (Nissan Motorsports Europe) as the works cars.

After NME was disbanded, the cars were sold to private buyers, predominately in Europe, where some made their way into Rallycrossevents. Tony Bardy is currently still competing in UK rallies using the "J3" NME car.

The Pulsars were manufactured in Japan between August 1990 until November 1994. The total number produced during that time was somewhere between 12,000 and 15,000. It is unclear how many of them were RA and RB models. The first year of production (1990–91) was the largest due to Nissan needing to fulfil the FIA Group A regulations (of 5,000 models total, with 500 of them homologated) in order to enter the model as a manufacturer in the WRC.

The RHD Sunny models for Europe were produced from 1992 until January 1995. No recorded data has been found for LHD models. No verifiable evidence has been available of Sunny GTI-R production numbers, but it is generally accepted that less than 1000 were produced in total. They were officially sold in the UK, Germany, The Netherlands, Iceland, Italy and France.

Nissan Sunny was the badge used for the European-delivered GTI-R. They had a different chassis number of EGNN14. The engine output specifications (220 PS / 162 kW and 267 Nm / 197 lb·ft) were slightly less due to the electronic control unit having different fuel and ignition maps to compensate for the lower octane fuel available in those areas. The Sunny GTI-R had several physical differences to the Pulsar, such as the rear number plate surround and rear fog lights. The interior also varied from the Pulsar with some of the more basic trim from the RB model.

WRC History

Group A

Nissan Pulsar GTI-R Group A (Japan)

After producing the minimum required 5,000 examples (500 of them being homologation models), Nissan entered the GTI-R under Group A rules in the FIA WRC as a factory team (Nissan Motorsport Europe – NME) in 1991 & 1992.

Based in Milton Keynes, NME only competed in selected rallies during both years (ones they thought had the highest potential for good results), but the initial success expected by Nissan Japan was not forthcoming, and they abandoned the campaign in 1992 after only nine rallies. Factory development stopped there, and the GTI-R never won a WRC Group A rally. Nissan redirected funding to Le Mans and the development of the R390, and NME moved to the FWD Sunny GTI in the WRC F2 category (A7 class) where they had better success with Alister McRae winning the 1995 BRC. Much has been written about the reason for the GTI-R Group-A failure. The most notable being the uncompetitive Dunlop tyres, the inefficiency of the top-mounted intercooler when engine power was increased to Group A standards (especially in hot weather), and the political and cultural issues between Nissan Japan and the newly created NME (Nissan Motorsport Europe).

[show]1991 results (Group A)

[show]1992 results (Group A)

Group N

Nissan/NME did not enter Group N (Production) cars in the WRC, but other factory-backed Nissan teams did between 1991 and 1993. Most notable was the Nissan Belgium Rally Team with lead driver Grégoire De Mévius, and a Japanese entry (team unknown) driven by Hiroshi Nishiyama. The GTI-R dominated the Group N Championship (FIA Cup for Drivers of Production Cars) in 1992 taking 1st and 2nd places, clearly demonstrating the GTI-R's the ability at Production Class level.

[show]1992 results (Group N)

Fifth generation (N15: 1995–2000)[edit]

N15

Overview
Also called	Nissan Sentra (New Zealand) Nissan Almera (Europe) Nissan Lucino (Japan) Arex Pulsar (Taiwan)
Production	1995–2000
Assembly	Japan Taiwan: Miáolì Xiàn
Body and chassis
Body style	3-door hatchback 4-door sedan 5-door hatchback
Layout	Transverse front-engine, front-wheel drive Transverse front-engine, all-wheel drive
Related	Nissan Primera Nissan Sunny
Powertrain
Engine	1.5 L GA15DE I4 1.6 L GA16DE I4 1.6 L SR16VE I4 1.8 L SR18DE I4 2.0 L SR20DE I4
Dimensions
Wheelbase	1,353 mm (53 in)
Length	4,120 mm (162 in)
Width	1,690 mm (67 in)
Height	1,385 mm (55 in)
Curb weight	1,040 kg (2,293 lb)

In 1995, the N15 Pulsar was launched and sold in Europe as the Nissan Almera. The New Zealand Nissan Sentra changed name to Pulsar after the Nissan assembly plant in Wiri, Auckland closed down in 1998, in favour of imports from Japan. Again, four and five-door models were offered, with three door models being available in Europe only, and not Australia and New Zealand. North American customers did not receive this car, with the Sunny-based Sentra being sold there instead. The Nissan Almera, the European version of the Pulsar for this generation, replaced the Primera as the Infiniti G20.

The Australasian versions included the LX, SLX, Q and SSS variants. New Zealand specific versions included the S and SE variant. The SSS model (5-door hatch only) featured the SR20DE engine featuring 105 kW (141 hp)/179 Nm.

The station wagon continued to be from the Sunny, later spun off in Japan into theNissan Wingroad.

Marketing[edit]

Japan

Nissan Lucino S-RV

In Japan, the N15 was available under numerous nameplates, giving Nissan in Japan the opportunity to sell the Pulsar at two different Japanese network dealerships, called Nissan Cherry Store that sold the Pulsar, and Nissan Satio Store that sold the Lucino. These included:

Pulsar Serie Rezzo 3-door hatch (GA15DE engine, base JDM Pulsar, indicative features include absent rear high stop lamp and front fascia black slatted spotlight covers until 1998 facelift).

Lucino BB 3-door hatch (GA15DE engine, exactly same as Pulsar Rezzo, except for rear indicator lens covers being clear coloured).

Pulsar Serie X1 3-door hatch and 4-door sedan (GA15DE engine, indicative features included high stop lamp incorporated into rear spoiler (hatch and sedan) or bootlid (sedan only) and option of driving lights. Front fascia differs to that of Pulsar Serie Rezzo).

Lucino JJ 3-door hatch(GA15DE engine, exactly same as Pulsar Serie X1, except for rear indicator lens covers being clear coloured).

Pulsar Serie X1R 3-door hatch and 4-door sedan (exactly same as Pulsar Serie X1 and Lucino JJ, except GA16DE engine featured instead of GA15DE).

Pulsar CJ-I and Pulsar CJ-II 4-door sedan (GA15DE engine, exactly same as Pulsar Serie Rezzo).

Pulsar SR-V 5-door hatch (GA15DE or SR18DE engine, indicative features include rear number plate surround fascia, front nudge bar and two-toned paint scheme).

Lucino SR-V 5-door hatch (exactly same as Pulsar SR-V, except rear indicator lens covers being clear coloured).

Pulsar GTI 3-door hatch and 4-door sedan (SR18DE engine, indicative features include 15" alloy wheels).

Pulsar 5-door hatch (GA15DE engine, exactly same as Pulsar and Lucino SR-V but without two-tone paint, nudge bar and rear number plate surround fascia).

Pulsar VZR 3-door hatch (SR16VE engine, available from 1998 onwards only, featured Nissan's NEO VVL technology and 15" alloys from Pulsar GTI, 175 bhp).

Pulsar SR-V VZR 5-door hatch (SR16VE engine, exactly same as Pulsar VZR 3-door hatch).

Lucino SR-V VZR 5-door hatch (SR16VE engine)

A 4-wheel drive option was available in Pulsar SR-V, Lucino SR-V and Pulsar CJ-I, CJ-II and X1 (sedan only) models.

JDM N15 Pulsar and Lucino models had drivers airbag as standard. Passenger airbag was an option in 1995 and standard from 1996 onwards. Speedometer became digital from 1998. Tachometer was not present on Pulsar Serie Rezzo, Pulsar CJ-I, CJ-II and Lucino BB models. Air conditioning was standard on almost all models, but could be requested without. Manual adjusting windows were available on Pulsar Serie Rezzo, Pulsar CJ-I, CJ-II and Lucino BB models, otherwise electric windows were standard. Sunroof was available option on Pulsar Serie X1, Pulsar Serie X1R, Pulsar GTI, Pulsar VZR and Pulsar / Lucino SR-V models (hatch only). Manual controlled air conditioning controls were standard, climate control was available as option and standard on Pulsar Serie X1R, Pulsar GTI and Pulsar VZR.

An Autech tuned version of the Pulsar SRV and Lucino SRV was also available featuring the SR18DE block, but was actually a 2.0L (1998cc) engine. Indicative features included the placement of the spare-wheel on the rear boot lid and inclusion of plastic side mouldings over the wheel arches and large rear spoiler. As a result of shifting the spare-wheel to the boot lid, the number plate had to be relocated in the rear bumper, meaning a bumper was produced specific for this model.

Configurations:

The N15 Nissan Pulsar came with the following engine options:

GA15DE — 1500 cc DOHC MPFI. Featured in the New Zealand Sentra S, JDM Pulsar Serie Rezzo, JDM Pulsar Serie X1, JDM Pulsar CJ-I, JDM Pulsar CJ-II, JDM Pulsar SR-V, JDM Lucino BB, JDM Lucino JJ and JDM Lucino SR-V. There was a 4-wheel drive variant of the GA engine series available in the JDM Pulsar SR-V and JDM Lucino SR-V 5-door hatch and some JDM Pulsar CJ-I, Pulsar CJ-II and JDM Pulsar X1 4-door sedans.

GA16DE — 1600 cc DOHC multi-point EFI (sometimes ECCS featured). Featured in the Australian and New Zealand new models Sentra SE, Sentra SLX Sentra Q and JDM Pulsar X1R hatch and sedan variants.

SR18DE — 1800 cc DOHC multi-point EFI. Featured in the JDM Pulsar GTI 3-door hatch and 4-door sedan, JDM Pulsar SR-V 5-door hatch models. 4-wheel drive variant of SR engine series available in JDM Pulsar SR-V model.

SR20DE – 2000 cc DOHC multi-point EFI. Featured in Australian and New Zealand (Australian assembled) Sentra and Pulsar SSS variant delivered with silver/red rocker cover, also called "Red Top" 105 kW @ 6400rpm / 179Nm @ 4800rpm-4800rpm / 0–100 km/h 8.8 secs / Curb weight 1142 kg.

Autech Version SR20DE — 1998 cc DOHC multi-point EFI. Only Sold locally in Japan. Was used in Serie and Lucino Japanese Variants (576 produced total). Featured compression ratio of 11.5:1, 264 duration @ 11.4 mm lift camshafts, unique valve springs, DET vales, portwork, piston oil squirters and unique pistons to achieve high compression. Power is stated at 180 bhp/130 kW @ flywheel. 191 nm@4800rpm.

SR16VE — NEO VVL (Nissan Ecologically Orientated Variable Valve Timing and Lift). Featured in JDM Pulsar Serie VZ-R.

SR16VE N1 — Featured in the JDM Pulsar VZ-R N1, which was a racing homologation version intended to compete with the Honda Civic Type-R. Producing 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp) from its 1.6 L SR16VE engine, it held the highest specific output ever for a naturally aspirated production car, at 123.125 hp/litre until the Honda F20C engine was released in the Honda S2000. The "Version2" (VerII) was introduced offering a few chassis and mechanical tweaks as well as an option orange trimmed interior with GTR Skyline front seats. N1's available in Black and White only.

The N15 was the last Pulsar generation manufactured under the Taiwanese AREX brand. The AREX Pulsar 150 was only available as an sedan. It was very similar to the Japanese version.