The Toyota Celica /ˈsɛlɨkə/ is an automobile which was produced by the Japanese company Toyota from 1970 to 2006. The Celica name was ultimately derived from the Latin word coelica meaning "heavenly" or "celestial". In Japan, the Celica was exclusive to Toyota Japanese dealerships Toyota Corolla Store.
Throughout its life span the Celica has been powered by various four-cylinder engines. The most significant change occurred in August 1985, when the car's drive layout was changed from rear wheel drive to front wheel drive. During the first three generations, American market Celicas were powered by various versions of Toyota's R series engines. The four-wheel drive turbocharged model called GT-Four worldwide (All-Trac Turbo in the US) was produced from 1986 to 1999.Variable Valve Timing came in certain Japanese models starting in December 1997, and became standard in all models from 2000 on. Through seven generations, the model has gone through many revisions and design forks, including the Toyota Celica Supra (later known as the Toyota Supra). The Celica was available as notchback and liftback coupes, as well as a convertible.
| Toyota Celica | |
|---|---|
Toyota Celica GT-S with Action Package body kit (ZZT231, USA)
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| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Toyota |
| Production | Dec 1970 – Apr 2006 |
| Model years | 1971–2006 1971–2005 (United States & Canada) |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Sports car Sport compact |
| Body style | 2-door Notchback Coupe 2-door Convertible 3-door Liftback |
First generation / A20/35 Series (1970–1977)
| First Generation | |
|---|---|
Toyota Celica Coupe 1600 GT (TA22, Japan)
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| Overview | |
| Production | Dec 1970 – Jul 1977 |
| Assembly | Toyota, Japan (Tsutsumi plant) |
| Body and chassis | |
| Body style | 3-door liftback 2-door hardtop |
| Layout | FR layout |
| Platform | A20/35 |
| Related | Toyota Carina |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 1.4 L T I4 1.6 L 2T I4 1.9 L 8R I4 2.0 L 18R I4 2.2 L 20R I4 |
| Transmission | 4-speed W40 manual 5-speed W50 manual 3-speed A40 automatic |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 94.75 in (2,407 mm) |
| Length | 164.2 in (4,170 mm) |
| Width | 63.0 in (1,600 mm) |
| Height | 53 in (1,300 mm) |
| Curb weight | 890 kg (1,962 lb) (Early Coupe) – 1,166 kg (2,571 lb) (US Liftback) |
Displayed at the October 1970 Tokyo Motor Show and marketed in December of the same year, the Celica was a personal car that emphasized styling and driving enjoyment. Japanese models were ET, LT, ST, GT, and GTV (which was introduced in 1972, the V standing for Victory). The platform was shared with the Toyota Carina, a vehicle exclusive to Toyota Store Japanese dealerships.
For export markets, the Celica was offered in three different levels of trim; LT, ST and GT.
At its introduction the Celica was only available as a pillarless hardtop notchback coupe. The SV-1 liftback was shown as a concept car at the 1971 Tokyo Motor Show. With slight modifications, this was introduced in Japan in April 1973 as the 2-litre RA25 and 1.600 L TA27 liftbacks. It was then exported to Europe in RHD form as the 1.6-litre liftback. After the October 1975 facelift, it was available in both RHD and LHD forms in other markets. The RV-1 wagon was also shown at the 1971 Tokyo Motor Show but it did not reach production.
The Japanese GT models had various differences from the ET, LT and ST including the hood flutes, power windows, air conditioning, and specific GT trim, but shared a few things with the ST – a full-length center console and oil pressure/ammeter gauges while the LT had warning lights for these functions.
There was also the GTV version, which differed from the GT with a slightly cut-down interior, and did not come standard with things like power windows, but they were optional. The GTV has firmer suspension.
The first generation Celicas can be further broken down into two distinctive models. The first of these was the original with slant nose (trapezoid-like shape front corner light). This is for Coupe model only, TA22, RA20, and RA21. These models were released from 1970 to 1975 and came equipped with the 2T, 2T-G 1.6-liter, or 18R 2.0-liter motor. They had a 95 inches (2,400 mm) wheelbase. The second series had a flat nose (square front corner light) and slightly longer wheelbase (98 in or 2,500 mm wheelbase). This facelift model appeared in Japan in 1974, but for export was the 1976 model year. The Japanese version had engines under 2.0 liters so as to conform to Japanese regulations concerning engine displacement size, thereby allowing buyers to avoid an additional tax for a larger engine.
In some markets, the lower-end LT was equipped with the single carbureted four-cylinder 2T engine displacing 1,600 cc, while the ST came with a twin downdraft-carburetor 2T-B engine. The 2T-G that powered the high-end GT model was a DOHC 1,600 cc engine equipped with twin Mikuni-Solex Carburetors.
The first Celica for North America, 1971 ST was powered by 1.9-liter 8R engine. The 1972–1974 models have 2.0-liter 18R-C engines. For 1975–77, the engine for the North American Celica is the 2.2-liter 20R. The Celica GT and LT models were introduced in the U.S. for the 1974 model year. The top-line GT included a 5-speed manual transmission, rocker panel GT stripes, and styled steel wheels with chrome trim rings. The LT was marketed as an economy model. Mid-1974 saw minor changes in the Celica's trim and badges and slightly different wheel arches. The A30 automatic transmission became an option on North American ST and LT models starting in the 1973 model year. For 1975, the 1974 body was used, but body-color plastic fascia and sturdier chrome and black rubber bumpers, replaced the chrome bumpers used in the earlier cars (in accordance with US Federal bumper laws). Unfortunately the early 8R and 18R series engines proved to be less than durable, with early failures common. The 1974 18R-C engine's durability was improved somewhat, but the 20R introduced for 1975 proved to be a better engine in most respects.
Facelift export models
In October 1975, The entire Celica lineup was given a facelift, with a revised front bumper and grille arrangement. The new model codes for facelift hardtop coupe were RA23 for general worldwide market with 18R engine, or RA24 for the American spec with 20R engine. The Liftback were coded RA28 for worldwide or RA29 for US. Also available was the TA23, which was similar to the RA23, but with the 2T engine. The RA23 and RA28 had a more distinctive bulge hood, which was lacking in the TA22 or RA20 Coupe and in the TA27 and RA25 Liftback Celica. The TA22 Celica also had removable vents mounted in the hood, which the RA23 and RA28 lacked. The RA series also had an elongated nose to accommodate the larger engine. The door vents, fuel filler cap, and interior were also different between the TA and RA series.
For 1976–1977, the non-US GT Liftback was released with the 18R-G Twincam engine with a Yamaha head and running gear. This engine produced significantly more power than the 18R-C. Peak power was about 100 kW (134 hp) at 6,000 rpm.
In Australia, the Celica was first released in the 1.6 L 2T motor. The later 1975–1977 Celica was released with the 2.0 L 18R motor.
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_LT_hardtop_02.jpg)
Second generation (A40, A50; 1977–1981)
| Second generation | |
|---|---|
Toyota Celica Coupe 1600 ST (TA40, UK)
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| Overview | |
| Production | Aug 1977 – July 1981 |
| Assembly | Japan: Toyota, Aichi (Tsutsumi) |
| Body and chassis | |
| Body style | 2-door coupe 2-door convertible 3-door liftback |
| Layout | Front-engine, rear-wheel drive |
| Related | Toyota Supra (A40, A50) |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 2.2 L I4 20R 2.4 L I4 22R 1.6 L I4 2T, 2T-G & 12T 1.8 L I4 3T & 13T 2.0 L I4 18R, 18R-G & 21R |
| Transmission | 3-speed A40 automatic ('78–'80) 4-speed A40D automatic ('81) 5-speed W50 manual 5-speed W55 manual ('81) |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 98 in (2,500 mm) |
| Length | 174 in (4,410 mm) |
| Width | 65 in (1,640 mm) |
| Height | 41 in (1,030 mm) |
| Curb weight | 2,330 lb (1,055 kg) |
The second generation Celica was released for 1978 model year (production began in late 1977), and was again available in both Coupe and Liftback forms. Interestingly, it was designed in the United States by Toyota's Calty Research Design studio in California. The Coupe was no longer a true hardtop; both Coupe and Liftback had frameless door glass but featured a thick "B" pillar. David Stollery was responsible for its design.
From 1979 to 1981 the Griffith company in the US offered a Targa style convertible conversion to the Coupe. They were called the SunChaser and had a removable Targa top and a folding rear roof, much like the '67 Porsche 911 soft-window Targa. These were Toyota approved and sold through Toyota dealers. Over 2000 were produced.
The second generation Celica can also be broken down into two series of release (known as Series A and Series B). These two Celicas were only distinguishable by appearance – both having the same engine capacity. The original Series A Celica (1978–1979) was released with round headlights and chrome bumpers for lower grades. The higher grades such as GT and all US models have black rubber bumpers. The facelift model Series B Celica (1979–1981) was released with square headlights, revised tail lights. They came with chrome bumpers with rubber protectors on each corners, or for certain models with all polyurethane black bumpers such on the GT and all US spec cars.
Power for North American models was provided by a 2.2 L 20R engine for both ST and GT models. Japan and other markets had 1.6-, 1.8-, and 2.0-liter powerplants. This new generation offered more safety, power and fuel economy than previous models, and was awarded Motor Trend's "Import Car of the Year" for 1978. Japanese models were ET, LT, ST, SE, XT, GT, and GTV. The GT and GTV have an 18R-G Twincam engine. In late 1978, the GTV was replaced by GT Rally.
The limited edition "US Grand Prix" GT Liftback was offered in 1980 due to Toyota's connection to the U.S. Grand Prix West in Long Beach, California. For 1981, the North American models were given a bigger engine, the 2.4-liter 22R which was simultaneously fitted to the Pickup. To celebrate the Celica 10th Anniversary, the GTA Coupe was released. This was basically a GT Coupe with 4-speed automatic transmission, Supra style interior, power windows, upgraded sound system and alloys. The GTA is distinguishable by the black/gold two tone paint and a "GTA 10th anniversary" plaque on the center console.
There were about 70 different variants of second generation Celica sold in Japan over the model's life time. At its pinnacle in 1979, Toyota retailed 49 versions at once.
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Celica XX / Celica Supra
In 1978 Toyota began production of the Mark I Toyota Supra in Japan, as the Toyota Celica XX. The year it debuted in the United States and Japan was in 1979. The U.S. Mark I (chassis code MA46) was originally equipped with a 110 hp (82 kW) 2.6 L (2563 cc) 12-valve SOHC inline-6 engine (4M-E). Simultaneously in 1979, the Japanese Mark I (chassis code MA45) was offered with a 110 hp (82 kW) 2.0 L 12-valve SOHC inline-6 engine (M-EU).
Third generation / A60 Series (1981–1985)
| Third generation | |
|---|---|
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Toyota Celica Coupe 1600 GT-R (AA63, Japan)
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| Overview | |
| Production | Aug 1981 – Jul 1985 |
| Assembly | Tahara, Aichi, Japan Toyota, Aichi, Japan (Tsutsumi plant) |
| Body and chassis | |
| Body style | 3-door liftback 2-door coupe 2-door convertible |
| Layout | FR layout |
| Platform | A60 |
| Related | Toyota Carina |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 1,588 cc I4 2T-B / 2T-G (TA60/61) 1,587 cc I4 4A-G (AA63) 1,770 cc I4 3T-E (TA62) 1,770 cc I4 3T-GTE (TA63) 1,791 cc I4 4T-GTEU (TA64) 1,832 cc I4 1S-U (SA60) 1,968 cc I4 18R-G (RA63) 1,972 cc I4 21R (RA60/61) 1,995 cc I4 2S-C (SA63) 2,366 cc I4 22R/22R-E (RA64/65) |
| Transmission | 4-speed A40D automatic 5-speed W55, W58, T50 manual |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 98 in (2,500 mm) |
| Length | 174.6 in (4,435 mm) |
| Width | 65.6 in (1,665 mm) |
| Height | 52 in (1,310 mm) |
| Curb weight | 2,300 lb (1,030 kg) |
August 1981 saw the introduction of the third generation Celica. The car was initially available in coupe and liftback forms with many buyers preferring the liftback. The US-made convertible came in 1984. Styling was changed considerably from previous models and power was provided by a 2.4 L 22R or 22R-E engine in all North American models, while smaller engines were used in other countries. The 2.4 L became the biggest 4 cylinder engine offered in any Celica ever. Other engines were the 1.6-liter 4A, 1.6-liter 2T, 1.8-liter 3T, 1.8-liter 4T, 1.8-liter 1S, 2.0-liter 2S, 2.0-liter 18R-G and 2.0-liter 21R, depending on the particular market. Trim levels are SV, ST, ST-EFI, SX, GT, and GT Rally. Rack and pinion steering was offered with this Celica.
Fuel injection became standard on all North American Celicas started from August 1982, therefore the 22R engine became 22R-EC. In August 1982, Toyota added the GT-S model to the North American market to re-inject the sports image that Celica had lost as it grew larger and heavier with each subsequent model. The GT-S included larger 14x7" wheels and 225/60HR14 tires, fender flares, independent rear suspension, a sports interior including special seats, and a leather-wrapped steering wheel and shifter knob. Most of these came from the Supra. This made sense as the Supra was based on the Celica. From the windshield back, both cars were nearly identical when in liftback form. There were also optional rear louvers for the coupe and liftback. The upgraded GT-S wheels are coveted as replacements by many people who own first generation Celicas as they remained four-lug and looked sportier than first generation wheels while still providing the "classic Celica" look and feel. The wheels were also polished aluminium as opposed to the flat finish of the lower models.
The Celica was updated in August 1983 for the 1984 model year. The revision included fully retractable headlights, restyled grille, and airdam. The rear combination lamps were also revised. The Japanese Celica 1600 GT got new 4A-GE engine, and the 1600 GT-R also powered by the same motor was introduced. Another new model was the turbocharged 1800 GT-TR.
The GT-S Convertible, built by American Specialty Cars (ASC) in California, released 200 units in 1984, and 4,248 units for the 1985 model year.
The Australian, European, Japanese, and general export model Celicas came with rear side vents, which are highly sought after by North American Celica enthusiasts.
In Europe, the Celica was offered as 1600ST with 2T engine, 2000XT (21R), and 2000GT (18R-G).
In Australia, Toyota decided initially to use the 21R-C in the dulled-down model Celica. As a result the car only turned out a mere 67 kW (90 hp). However, this was later replaced, firstly, by the far quicker 73 kW (98 hp) 2S-C motor and then by the injected 2.4-litre motor (22R-E) which provided 87 kW (118 PS; 117 hp). Later versions used IRS rear suspension, rather than the traditional live axle differential.
Twincam Turbo Group B Rally Car
In September 1982, the first Celica turbo was launched in Japan for the local market only. The GT-T (TA63) came with the twin-spark 1.8-liter 3T-GTE engine, W55 5-speed manual gearbox, a limited slip differential, pump up lumbar "sports" seats and optional digital dash. To meet the FISA regulation for Group B Rally Car to compete in the World Rally Championship (WRC), 200 units of the Celica GT-TS were built. These were the basic cars for Group B Celica Twincam Turbo (TA64) which were built and rallied by Toyota Team Europe (TTE). The Group B Celica TCT made its WRC debut in the 1983 Rally Finland. The production car had 180 PS (132 kW; 178 hp) engine, and with 320 bhp (239 kW; 324 PS) 4T-GTE engine, the fully works rally car was the most powerful third generation Celica.
Fourth generation / T160 Series (1985–1989)
| Fourth generation | |
|---|---|
_SX_liftback_01.jpg)
Toyota Celica 2.0 SX Liftback (ST162, Australia)
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| Overview | |
| Production | Aug 1985 – Aug 1989 |
| Assembly | Tahara, Aichi, Japan Toyota, Aichi, Japan (Tsutsumi plant) |
| Body and chassis | |
| Body style | 3-door liftback 2-door coupe 2-door convertible |
| Layout | Front engine, FWD / 4WD |
| Platform | T160 |
| Related | Toyota Carina Toyota Carina ED Toyota Corona Coupé |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 1.6 L I4 4A-GE 1.8 L I4 1S-iLU 1.8 L I4 4S-Fi 2.0 L I4 2S-ELC 2.0 L I4 2S-FE 2.0 L I4 3S-FE 2.0 L I4 3S-GE 2.0 L I4 3S-GTE turbo |
| Transmission | 4-speed automatic 5-speed manual |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,525 mm (99.4 in) |
| Length | 4,410 mm (174 in) (coupe & convertible) 4,365 mm (171.9 in) (liftback) |
| Width | 67.3 in (1,710 mm) 66.7 in (1,690 mm) (Japan) |
| Height | 49.8 in (1,260 mm) |
In August 1985 the Celica was changed completely. It was an all-new vehicle with front wheel drive, a rounded, flowing body and new 2.0 L four-cylinder engines. The Celica was no longer built on the Toyota A platform, and instead realigned with the Toyota T platform underpinning theToyota Corona. The Toyota A platform was now exclusive to the Toyota Supra. The coupe bodystyle in Japan was used only for the Corona Coupe, sold only at Japanese Toyota dealerships Toyopet Store without the retractable headlights. An optional feature only offered on the Corona Coupe was four-wheel steering, not shared with the Celica during this generation, however, the turbocharged engine on the Celica was not installed in the Corona Coupe.
Toyota introduced the "ultimate Celica", the GT-Four (ST165) onto the Japanese market in October 1986. With full-time all-wheel drive, including an electronically controlled central locking differential, and a turbocharged version of the GT-S 2.0 L engine producing 190 hp (142 kW) (3S-GTE), it immediately took its place as the flagship of the Celica range, and became the official Toyota rally car for all years of production. The GT-Four, with a revised viscous coupling central locking differential, began export in 1987 (1988 US model year) and marketed in North America as the All-trac Turbo. It was rated at 190 bhp (142 kW; 193 PS) and 190 lb·ft (258 N·m). The All-trac system was also offered for a limited time on theCamry, and Corolla in North America without the turbo, as well as the normally aspirated and supercharged Previa.
The ST165 chassis design was quite acclaimed in its time. Toyota chose not to make any drastic suspension changes for the AWD GT-Four. The front suspension comprises MacPherson struts with an anti-swaybar and strut tower brace, while the rear employs struts with a trailing link and twin lateral links per side plus an anti-swaybar.
The ST165 GT-Four made its World Rally debut in the 1988 Tour de Corse and finished 6th. The first victory came in 1988 Cyprus (non-WRC), and the first WRC victory in 1989 Rally Australia.
| Summary of 4th Generation Models | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chassis Code | Body Style | Engine | Trim Level | Market | |||
| AT160 | Coupe, Liftback | 4A-F, 4A-GE | 1.6 ST (4A-F), 1.6 GT (4A-GE) | Japan, General | |||
| ST160 | Liftback | 1S-iLU | 1.8 ST, 1.8 SX | Japan | |||
| ST161 | Coupe, Liftback | 2S-ELC | 2.0 ST, 2.0 GT (1986 model year only) | North America | |||
| ST162 | Coupe, Liftback, Convertible | 3S-FE, 3S-GE | 2.0 ST & 2.0 GT (3S-FE), 2.0 GT-R (3S-GELU), 2.0 GT-i 16, 2.0 SX & 2.0 GT-S (3S-GE), 2.0 ZR (3S-FE) | Japan (Liftback & Convertible), North America (all body styles), Europe (Liftback & Convertible), Australia & New Zealand (Liftback and Coupe) | |||
| ST163 | Liftback | 4S-Fi | 1.8 ST, 1.8 SX | Japan (introduced May 1988) | |||
| ST165 | Liftback | 3S-GTE | GT-Four, Turbo All-Trac | Japan,Europe, North America | |||
Fifth generation / T180 Series (1989–1993)
| Fifth generation | |
|---|---|
Toyota Celica All-Trac Turbo (ST185, USA)
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| Overview | |
| Production | Sep 1989 – Sep 1993 |
| Assembly | Tahara, Aichi, Japan |
| Body and chassis | |
| Layout | Front engine, FWD / 4WD |
| Platform | T180 |
| Related | Toyota Carina ED Toyota Corona EXIV |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 1.6 L 4A-FE I4 2.0 L 3S-FE & 3S-GE I4 2.0 L turbo 3S-GTE I4 2.2 L 5S-FE I4 |
| Transmission | 4-speed automatic 5-speed manual |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,525 mm (99.4 in) |
| Length | Coupe & Convertible: 176 in (4,470 mm) Normal body Liftback: 174 in (4,410 mm) Wide body Liftback: 174 in (4,420 mm) |
| Width | 1990 ST Coupe: 67 in (1,690 mm) Convertible, 1991–93 Coupe, Normal body Liftback: 67.1 in (1,705 mm) Wide body Liftback: 68.7 in (1,745 mm) |
| Height | Liftback FF: 1,280 mm (50.4 in) Coupe, Liftback 4WD: 1,290 mm (50.6 in) Convertible: 1,300 mm (51.2 in) |
The fifth generation Celica was introduced in September 1989 for the 1990 model year. The Celica received new Super Round organic styling, upgraded wheels and tires, more powerful GT-Four (US: All-Trac) with better cooling system, and for the Japanese market only, the 4-Wheel Steering (4WS) models. Toyota engineers claimed that the round styling and lack of straight edges increased strength without adding weight. The styling was later copied by other manufacturers. Japanese domestic market (JDM) models were now S-R, Z-R, GT-R, Active Sports (with active suspension), and GT-Four. The S-R and Z-R were powered by a 3S-FE engine, while the GT-R and Active Sports came with a 3S-GE. The 3S-GTE in the GT-Four features an air-to-air intercooler and CT26 twin entry turbo to eliminate exhaust gas interference. The JDM GT-Four has 165 kW (221 hp) and 304 N·m (224 lb·ft) of torque, a result of more aggressive ignition advance and ceramic turbine. The Full-time 4WD system in the GT-Four has viscous coupling limited slip center differential and Torsen rear differential. Eddie Murphy made television commercials in Japan for the fifth-generation Celica, promoting the styling and the Super Live Sound System.
The North American Celica had fixed door mirrors and amber front corner lights. All other models had folding mirrors and front clear corner lights. Driver's side SRS Airbag is standard on all US models. The base model ST has 1.6 L 4A-FE, the GT and GT-S were powered by the 2.2 L 5S-FE. The 1.6L was similar to the one used in the Corolla. The GT-S was rated 5 hp (4 kW) more than the GT at 135 bhp (101 kW; 137 PS). The 2.2 L was designed for more low-end torque, which appealled to US buyers' preferences as opposed to the high revving engines of the past. This engine was similar to the Camry's engine except for the balance shafts. The All-Trac Turbo was available with the improved 2.0 L 3S-GTE engine. It was rated at 200 bhp (149 kW; 203 PS) and 200 lb·ft (271 N·m) torque; an increase of 10 each from the previous model. The GT-S and all export market GT-Four are wide-body Liftbacks with flared fenders. The JDM GT-Four was also offered as normal body.
Trim levels for the European Celica were 1.6 ST-i, 2.0 GT-i 16, and GT-Four. The 2.0 GT-i 16 Cabriolet was offered only in certain European countries. Only the 2.0 GT-i 16 Liftback and GT-Four were officially sold in the UK. New for 1992, the wide body 2.0 GT-i 16 was offered in the Netherlands and Belgium. This was basically a GT-S with 3S-GE engine.
Models for Australia were SX Coupe, SX Liftback, GT-Four, and also 150 units limited edition GT-Four Group A Rallye. The Australian cars are less luxurious than JDM and North American models. Initially, the GT-Four did not come with ABS and fog lamps, which became standard few months after the introduction. In 1993, the Limited Edition WRC Trophy model was offered in Australia. This is basically the SX with sport front seats from the GT-Four, cruise control, rear window shade / spoiler, and special decals.
Sixth generation / T200 Series (1993–1999)
| Sixth generation | |
|---|---|
Toyota Celica GT Liftback (ST204, USA)
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| Overview | |
| Production | Oct 1993 – Jun 1999 |
| Assembly | Tahara, Aichi, Japan |
| Body and chassis | |
| Body style | 3-door liftback 2-door notchback (coupé) 2-door convertible |
| Layout | Front engine, FWD / 4WD |
| Platform | T200 |
| Related | Toyota Carina ED Toyota Corona EXIV Toyota Curren Toyota RAV4 Toyota Corona |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 1.8 L 7A-FE I4, 2.0 L 3S-FE I4, 2.0 L 3S-GE I4, 2.0 L 3S-GTE I4 turbo, 2.2 L 5S-FE I4 |
| Transmission | 4-speed automatic 5-speed manual |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,535 mm (99.8 in) |
| Length | Coupe & Convertible: 177.0 in (4,500 mm) Liftback: 174.2 in (4,420 mm) |
| Width | 68.9 in (1,750 mm) |
| Height | Coupe: 51.0 in (1,300 mm) Liftback: 50.8 in (1,290 mm) Convertible: 51.6 in (1,310 mm) |
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_SX_liftback_01.jpg)
In October 1993, Toyota launched the sixth generation Celica for the 1994 model year.
For the US market, the Celica was only available in ST and GT trims for the 1994 model year, but the addition of the optional "Sports Package" to the GT Liftback produced GT-S-like handling. The ST had a new 1.8-liter 7A-FE engine which could also be found in the Corolla, while the GT was powered by the carried-over 2.2-liter 5S-FE engine which could also be found in the Camry. The turbocharged All-Trac was no longer offered in the U.S. The 7A-FE is rated at 105 hp (78 kW) and 110 lb·ft (149 N·m), while the 5S-FE is rated at 135 hp (101 kW) and 145 lb·ft (197 N·m).
In Canada, the Celica GT Liftback with "Sports Package" is badged GT-S. Styling of the new Celicas was acclaimed by most publications as "Supra-esque" with four exposed headlights, and did also provide a visual resemblance to the Soarer introduced in 1991. Celicas were available in either notchback Coupe or Liftback form, with the GT Sports Package available only on the liftback. New safety equipment in the form of driver (and then later passenger) airbags were standard, and anti-lock brakes were available on all models. Many Celicas also sported CFC-free air conditioning.
Initially the Japanese Domestic Market (JDM) models were SS-I and SS-II. The ST205 GT-Four was launched in February 1994, and the Convertible in the Autumn of the same year. The width of this generation was no longer in compliance with Japanese Government regulations concerning exterior dimensions, which added an additional tax liability on Japanese buyers. This generation also saw a badge engineered version without the headlight treatment, called the Toyota Curren, and was sold only in Japan at Toyota Vista Store locations, allowing the Celica to be sold at different retail sales channels. The Celica was exclusive to Toyota Corolla Store locations.
Production of the GT-Four (or previously known as All-Trac in the US), continued for the Japanese, Australian, European, and British markets. This ST205 version was to be the most powerful Celica produced to date, producing 178 kW (239 hp) (export version) or 187 kW (251 hp) (JDM) from an updated 3S-GTE engine. Influenced strongly by Toyota Team Europe, Toyota's factory team in the World Rally Championship, the final version of the GT-Four included improvements such as an all aluminum hood to save weight, four-channel ABS (with G-force sensor), an improved turbocharger (incorrectly known by enthusiasts as the CT20B), and Super Strut Suspension. The 2500 homologation cars built to allow Toyota to enter the GT-Four as a Group A car in the World Rally Championship also sported extras such as all of the plumbing required to activate an anti-lag system, a water spray bar for the Intercooler's front heat exchanger, a water injection system for detonation protection, a hood spoiler mounted in front of the windscreen to stop hood flex at high speed and the standard rear spoiler mounted on riser blocks. The car proved to be quite competitive in the 1995 World Championship. However, the team was banned from competition for a year after the car's single victory due to turbocharger fixing – a device that meant there was no air path restriction on the intake – when the jubilee clip was undone this would flick back into place so as to go un-noticed by inspectors. Toyota has always claimed that they knew nothing of the fix – but opponents say it was one very cleverly engineered device. In some respects this car is a true sports car; in order to qualify for rallying it has a lot of special features and a unique strut arrangement.
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In Australia, the Celica ST204 (2.2-liter) was offered in SX and ZR trim levels. The ZR has standard SRS Airbag, fog lights, alloys, and other features. The limited edition SX-R was offered in 1998–1999. Based on the SX, this model came with black/red interior, white-faced speedometer and tachometer, fog lights, and alloy wheels.
The ST205 Celica GT-Four was available in Australia only in 1994. There was a limited delivery of only 77 units ST205 with each vehicle came with an individual numbered plaque in the cabin and Group A Rallye badges on the hatch. All Australian models were taken from the 2500 homologation run and had black leather interior and a full size spare wheel. The only option being a moonroof (17 of the 77 were available with this).
The fourth generation convertible was introduced in 1994. Built off of the GT coupe, the conversion took place in the ASC facility in Rancho Dominguez, California. The vehicle arrived in the US as a partially assembled vehicle. At ASC, the roof was removed and a three-layer insulated and power-operated top was installed, producing a vehicle that was virtually water and windproof.
Like its Coupe and Liftback siblings, the American GT Convertible is ST204 with 5S-FE engine, while the Japanese Convertible, and European GT Cabriolet are the 3S-GE powered ST202. The JDM soft top Celica was offered as the base model Convertible Type X with either manual or automatic transmission, and the fully equipped automatic only Convertible.
Seventh generation / T230 series (1999–2006)
| Seventh generation | |
|---|---|
Toyota Celica GT (ZZT230, USA)
| |
| Overview | |
| Production | July 1999 – April 2006 |
| Assembly | Susono, Shizuoka, Japan (Higashi-Fuji plant) |
| Body and chassis | |
| Body style | 3-door liftback |
| Layout | FF layout |
| Platform | T230 |
| Related | Toyota Corolla Toyota Matrix |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 1.8 L 1ZZ-FE I4 1.8 L 2ZZ-GE I4 |
| Transmission | 4-speed automatic 5-speed manual 6-speed manual |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 102.4 in (2,600 mm) |
| Length | 4,335 mm (170.7 in) |
| Width | 1,735 mm (68.3 in) |
| Height | 51.4 in (1,310 mm) |
| Curb weight | 2,425 lb (1,100 kg) |
In late 1999, Toyota began production and sales of the seventh generation Celica. It closely resembled the XYR concept with the exception of the front bumper and rear spoiler, while omitting the previously available coupe bodystyle. The 2000 model year Celica was an element of Toyota Project Genesis, an effort to bring younger buyers to the marque in the United States. Toyota took time to lighten the car and lower cost wherever possible. Power window and door lock controls were placed in the center console so only 1 set was necessary for both doors. Initial sunroofs were made of polymer plastic instead of the traditional glass. This generation was assembled by Kanto Auto Works at its Higashi-Fuji plant in Susono, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.
The Celica came in two different models. The ZZT230 was powered by a relatively economical 1.8 L 4-cylinder 140 hp (104 kW) 1ZZ-FE engine and the ZZT231 powered by a higher-performance 1.8 L 4-cylinder 180 hp (134 kW) (in Europe and Japan) 2ZZ-GE version, co-developed with Yamaha, the latter featuring a two-step variable valve lift control in conjunction with its variable valve timing. In 2004,CNNMoney.com rated the Celica as one of the best cars to purchase for fuel economy.
Exporting of the Celica ceased in July 2005. However until mid-May, customers could still order one, although it was advised they took action before that time ended.
The last Celica was rolled off production line on April 21, 2006. In its last year, the Celica was only officially sold in Japan.
North America
In the US and Canada, two models were offered; the base model GT and the sportier GT-S. All models are in liftback only body shape. In the interest of light weight, optional sunroofs were polymer plastics instead of glass. In later models, the sunroofs were made of glass, probably for cost reasons. All models featured dual front airbags, daytime running lights (DRL) with auto-on parking and headlights, and 4 cup holders; two in the front and two in the rear. Rear seats were contoured for only 2 passengers and can split down 50/50 to increase cargo capacity. Two-speed front wipers had variable intermittent adjustment. The rear wiper had a single speed and fixed intermittent speed. Windshield and rear window washers were also standard. Options include ABS, rear spoiler, fog lights, HID low beam headlights, upgraded JBL stereo system, 6-disc CD changer, leather seat surfaces, side-impact airbags, floor mats, vehicle intrusion protection (VIP) alarms with door lock/unlock feature, cargo net, and hatchback cargo cover. The Celica had a center-mounted stack for the windows and locks to make it cheaper for young buyers.
The GT was powered by the 1ZZ-FE rated at 140 bhp (104 kW; 142 PS) at 6400 rpm and 125 lb·ft (169 N·m) of torque at 4200 rpm. It uses Toyota’s VVT-i (Variable Valve Timing with intelligence) system which modulated the intake cam phase angle to increase torque and horsepower throughout the rev range. This is a similar engine used on the Matrix, Corolla, and MR2 Spyder. Buyers had the option of between a 4-speed automatic or 5-speed manual transmissions. The vehicles were shod with 195/60/15 tires with front disc brakes and rear drum brakes.
The GT-S was powered by the 2ZZ-GE engine rated at 180 bhp (134 kW; 182 PS) at 7600 rpm and 133 lb·ft (180 N·m) torque at 6800 rpm. The engine featured Toyota’s VVTL-i (Variable Valve Timing and Lift control with intelligence). A second stage valve lift control for intake was added to the variable intake cam phase timing. Variants of this engine were offered in the Matrix XRS, Corolla XRS and the Lotus Elise (with a Lotus ECU which added 10 bhp). Buyers had the option of a 4-speed automatic or 6-speed manual transmissions. The base tire size was 205/55/15 but the optional size offered was 205/50/16. The tire upgrade was merely US$42 so most GT-S models had the optional wheels and tires. All GT-S models had 4-wheel disc brakes and metal pedals. Manual transmission shifters and all steering wheels were upgraded to leather. Hatchback cargo covers were standard along with fog lights for models without the “Action Package.”
Motorsports
In motorsports, the Celica is known for its rallying prowess. The first World Rally Championship (WRC) event for the Celica was 1972 RAC Rally when Ove Andersson drove the 1600 GTV (TA22) into the ninth place. The first victory came in 1982 Rally of New Zealand with 2000GT (RA63). From 1983 to 1986, the Group B Celica Twincam Turbo (TA64) won all six WRC events in Africa they entered. Celica GT-Four competed in Group A Rallyracing from the 1988 to 1997. Celica GT-Four have won two manufacturer's titles, and four driver's titles. Carlos Sainz was the most successful driver, winning WRC titles with the ST165 in 1990 and the ST185 in 1992. The ST185 also won 1993 and 1994 titles with Juha Kankkunen and Didier Auriol respectively. The ST185's fourth consecutive Safari Rally victory came in 1995, which was also Toyota's 8th victory in this event. Soon after introducing the ST205 in 1995, a controversy was triggered when Toyota Team Europe was banned for 12 months from the WRC because of cheating (using an illegal turbo air restrictor). Some time after the ban expired TTE switched to the shorter Toyota Corolla WRC based on the AE111 3-door hatchback.
Special editions of the GT-Four models were produced for the public in extremely limited numbers, 5000 units, for WRC homologation requirements. They are considered a collector's item by some enthusiasts. The ST185's homogolation version is called the GT-Four RC in Japan, Group A Rallye in Australia, or Carlos Sainz Limited Edition (CS, after the driver) in Europe, and general markets.
In circuit racing, The Celica was raced by Dan Gurney's All American Racers team with factory backing in the IMSA GTU and GTO classes from 1983 to 1988. The team captured many class wins and the GTO Championship in 1987. Slightly modified versions of stock Celicas were also used as the spec car in the Toyota Pro/Celebrity Race, always held during the weekend of the Long Beach Grand Prix or (from 1976–1983) the United States Grand Prix West until 2005. In 2006 the Scion tC replaced the Celica as the spec car for this race.
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